Polarization of Light

Inserting a polarizer gives only the polarized direction of the incident wave. The two options is that either it detects the photon or doesn’t detect the photon.

Eigen-result: \(\hat{e_P}=\hat{e_x}\cos\theta + \hat{e_y}\sin\theta\)

For \(x\) polarizer: \(P(\hat{x})=\cos^2\theta\).

Malus’s Law: \(I_0=E_0^2\cos^2\theta\).