Polarization of Light

Inserting a polarizer gives only the polarized direction of the incident wave. The two options is that either it detects the photon or doesn’t detect the photon.

Eigen-result: $\widehat{e_P}=\widehat{e_x}\cos \theta +\widehat{e_y}\sin \theta$

For $x$ polarizer: $P(\hat{x})={\cos }^2\theta$.

Malus’s Law: $I_0=E_0^2{\cos }^2\theta$.